The seeds are usually about 1 to 2 millimetres (0.039 to 0.079 in) in diameter and may be colored from yellowish white to black.  Widely used in modern culinary and industrial contexts. Mustard seeds are commonly ground into mustard paste or powder, which is then used to make condiments like mustard sauce or spread. They are also used for pickling, marinades, and as a flavoring agent in various sauces and dressings.

The crop is notable both for its extremely short lifecycle, with some varieties producing grain only 60 days after planting. Proso millet is valued for its gluten-free nature and high protein content, making it suitable for those with dietary restrictions or seeking alternative grains. Additionally, it is also used as a feed grain for livestock and is sometimes employed in the production of alcoholic beverages and as birdseed due to its small size and easy cultivation.

Chickpeas, also known as garbanzo beans, have a diverse range of usages. They are a staple in many cuisines around the world due to their nutty flavor and high protein and fiber content. Chickpea flour is also utilized for gluten-free baking and as a thickening agent in various recipes. Beyond culinary applications, chickpeas are grown as a rotational crop to improve soil health, and their cultivation contributes to sustainable agriculture practices.

In addition to its culinary uses, emmer wheat is being studied for its potential in sustainable agriculture practices. It is a hardy grain that can be grown in diverse climates, requiring fewer inputs like pesticides and fertilizers. This makes it an appealing option for farmers and researchers looking to enhance food security and promote more resilient agricultural systems.

It can be ground into a meal or turned into linseed oil, a product used as a nutritional supplement and as an ingredient in many wood-finishing products. Flax is also grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. Moreover, flax fibers are used to make linen. The specific epithet in its binomial name, usitatissimum, means "most useful"

Coriander seeds are a key spice in many cuisines, lending a warm, earthy flavor to curries, soups, and spice blends. Beyond its culinary uses, coriander is believed to have potential health benefits and is used in traditional medicine practices for its digestive and anti-inflammatory properties.